IMG_8687

Kenya holds its National Dialogue Forum

by with No Comment CCGD Centre BlogsCCGD NewsEACSOF -K News
By Maurice Goga

In gearing up for the 7th East Africa Community Secretary General’s Forum under the theme, “Towards a post-COVID-19 recovery for Socio-economic transformation”. Kenya through the Ministry of East African Community and Regional Development convened Kenya’s National Dialogue Forum (NDF) between 24th and 25th March 2022.

While addressing the stakeholders, the PS. State Department for East African Community, Dr. Kevit Desai noted that the NDF provides a platform where issues affecting the EAC citizen are discussed and fast-tracked to the annual Secretary General’s Forums. Adding that through Consultative Dialogue Framework (CDF) a lot has been accomplished such as the inclusion of other professionals in accounting, architecture, veterinary, surgeons, land surveyors and advocates who have all been included in the EAC integration agenda.

PS. State Department for East African Community, Dr. Kevit Desai during the National Dialogue Forum held on 23rd and 24th February, 2022 in Nairobi. [Getrude Angela, CCGD]

The PS also said through the EAC integration process they have witnessed harmonization of the education curriculum including the development of rules and regulations guiding the conduct of examination, and certification in the EAC education institutions.

Dr. Desai lauded the efforts of private sector organizations in advocating and helping achieve a business and economic environment through evidence-based policy advocacy leading to the harmonization of trade presentation and regulatory frameworks. Further, they have also helped in the harmonization of standard products and realization of free movement of factors of production including addressing the trade barriers to cross-border women traders and micro and small enterprises.

He said that NDF offers the stakeholders an opportunity to celebrate some of the successful outcomes of the EAC integration process. He urged them to reflect on the commitments under CDF and develop a scorecard that would remind the policy makers where is as far as the EAC integration agenda is concerned.

In his remarks, the Chair of the National Dialogue Committee (NDC), Mr. Masheti Masinjila noted that the CDF sets up the protocol for continuous and systematic dialogues between the CSOs, PSOs and other interested groups – the youth, PWDs, political parties and professional associations.

According to Masheti, after the break of the old EAC, it was decided that the new EAC will be a people-centered and driven community. Meaning if the seven heads of EAC partner states disagree, their disagreements cannot lead to the fall of the community.

The Chair pointed out that the discussions emanating from the forum are intended to lay the ground for different kinds of policies for the government.

“Government works through policies and laws – they need policies to inform their action plans and at these kinds of meetings lays the ground for different kinds of policies,” said Masheti.

He added that they will lobby at the regional level to carry over the outcomes of the meetings to the 7th SG’s Forum which will be held in Nairobi, Kenya.

He also acknowledged the support the dialogue process has been receiving from ‘Kenyan best donors’ particularly Trade Mark East Africa, Ford Foundation, and FAWE- Kenya whom he said have always supported the dialogue processes.

“We appreciate the support we have always received from the ‘Kenyan best donors’ who understand and appreciate the dialogue process and availing funds for these functions,” said the NDC Chair.

Also present was Ms. Linda Ochiel, Ford Foundation Program Officer in the Eastern Africa region who said that the Foundation supports regional mechanisms such as the EAC. She added that in the Eastern Africa region they focus on two key issues  – corruption and protection of civic space.  

Ford Foundation Program Officer in the Eastern Africa region, Linda Ochiel addressing participants of the National Dialogue Forum held 3rd and 24th February, 2022 in Nairobi. [Getrude Angela, CCGD]

“We support regional mechanism because the government is at the core of the things the foundation is very keen on,” she said.

Adding: “To have a regional mechanism essentially means that the civil societies and the public would have an alternative mechanism which they can use to hold the government accountable on governance, democracy, and human rights issues.”

She said the Foundation is keen to ensure that there are resources available at the regional level to support initiatives to ensure that the regional mechanisms have sufficient resources to be able to fulfill their mandates.

Others present included representatives from Ministries and State Departments/Agencies; East African Civil Society Organizations’ Forum (EACSOF); Disability Sausage;  University of Nairobi Women Economic Empowerment Hub (UON WEE Hub); Africa Youth Trust, Horn of Africa Youth Network, Collaborative Centre for Gender and Development (CCGD), Transparency International Kenya (TIK), CUTs, International Institute of Legislative Affairs (IILA), East Africa Tax Governance Network (EATGN) Eastern Africa Child Rights Network (EACRN) among others.

The stakeholders deliberated on various national issues papers including Re- focusing on anti-corruption efforts to reduce gender-based and other inequalities; Domestic resource mobilization in EAC – Illicit financial flows in the extractives sector in the EAC; Removing barriers to free movement of goods, services, and persons through digital trade; Proposing adoption of regional policy intervention for regulating trans fats per World Health Organisation global agenda; Double Taxation Agreements (DTA) Leveraging on youth demographics – Youth Peace and Security; The socio-economic effects of COVID – 19 on PWDs; COVID-19 and human trafficking: The socio-economic etiology of human trafficking; Accelerating COVID-19 recovery and resilience through Gender Responsive Budgeting in East Africa; COVID-19 and Sexual Reproductive Health Rights (SRHR) of girls and young women; Why we should avoid checking boxing in peace and conflict: Experience of Persons with Disabilities.

Some of the key resolutions included:

  • Develop a policy framework to guide regional trade to address the lack of harmonized rules of digitization.
  • Implementation of Common Market Protocol through a harmonized taxation policy.
  • Digitization of tax systems across the region for ease of reference on the trial record.
  • Create an enabling environment for the realization of socio-economic rights as enshrined in Constitution and EAC Treaty.
  • Review of the law to ensure petty offenses are not custodial within partner states.
  • Increase Budget allocation IEBC to enable them to hold PWDs responsive elections.
  • Protection of vulnerable groups such as PwDs, youth, women, and children
The Youth Champions advocating for end of gender-based violence

Bent But Not Broken

by with No Comment CCGD Centre BlogsCCGD News

What comes to your mind whenever you hear the term ‘police’? To some the term brings fear or even anxiety, to others they will think of safety while others will think of law and order. But for Agatha
Wanzala, an anti-GBV youth activist in Busia County the term reminds her of an ordeal that almost
ruined her life.
Ms. Wanzala who hails from Bunyala is a survivor of attempted rape by a police officer in Uganda. “I was almost raped in Uganda by a Police Officer but to me, that was a drive to work and talk about GBV,” she said.
She says the act did not drain her emotionally or physically but made her start championing for women’s and girls’ rights in relation to sexual gender-based violence. Personally, this was a turnaround in my life, I can now share my story with anyone and give survivors hope that whatever happened to them is not a loss.
“Bent but not broken, it happened, I accepted, I talk about it and it didn’t kill me but rather it made me a much better person than I was,” remarked Ms. Agatha
After sessions of counseling, the anti-GBV activist says she embraced forgiveness: “I never used to enter a police station because I was scared of the police but after a series of counseling sessions, right now I can talk to the police on GBV issues or even have a random conversation with them, something I never used to do,” she said.
Despite being so passionate about GBV issues, Ms. Wanzala says she faces numerous challenges such as
being undermined by the older survivors who she says, “At times survivors who are much older than me tend to undermine me and look at me like I don’t know what am saying.” However, the survivors have begun to accept her to the extent of referring other survivors to her.
She appealed to fellow survivors to share their stories – “Never hesitate to speak out, always speak out and your story will help someone somewhere.”

IMG_2937

Effects of GBV on informal trade

by with No Comment CCGD Centre BlogsCCGD News
By Sharon Macharia

In culminating the 16 Days of Activism against Gender Based Violence (GBV), Collaborative Centre for Gender and Development (CCGD) East Africa Civil Society Organizations’ Forum (EACSOF) in partnership with International Center for Research on Women (ICRW) hosted a session with women in informal employment in Kibra on Wednesday, 08 November 2021.

The session was to find out the factors affecting young women economic empowerment and GBV including the effects of COVID-19, the response and referral pathways of GBV if any and identify areas of need/information/skill gaps which we can fill through capacity building, awareness creation.

The women were also sensitized on the different referral pathways especially in the Kibra context from different perspectives being as a child, young girl/boy as well as women. The women were encouraged to work with their area chiefs, Community Health Volunteers (CHVs), Nyumba Kumi officials, local Community Based Organizations (CBOs), police and health care centres. Cryspin Afifu of ICRW called for consideration of women in informal trade when it comes to policy formulation.

“In Kenya 83% of women are in the informal sector and these women need to be considered when it comes to policy formulations,” he said. Adding that women should earn their income and
livelihoods decently despite their choice of career/job.

The women traders of Kibra get their income from informal businesses such as hawking, hair dressing, mutumba (second hand clothes) business , groceries and bodaboda riding among others.

The women were also accorded an opportunity to share their experience and the challenges they experience in their business. They pointed out that COVID-19 had a negative effect to their businesses, leading to reduction in clientele base which resulted to them shutting down their businesses.

In regards to SGBV, the women requested for more sensitization around evidence preservation and witness protection, matrimonial and property Acts, men participation towards ending GBV among other topics.
“We would appreciate if Civil Society Organizations worked towards increasing shelters in Kibra, said Christine who is a business woman in Kibra selling products online.

According to Christine the increase of shelter will come in handy to ensure the survivors of SGBV are safe and close to where they are getting justice from.

The women were also sensitized about Jasiri Fund which is a survivor centred fund that facilitates GBV women survivors to rebuild their businesses after the traumatic experience.

IMG_4804

I woke up and everything was dark

by with No Comment CCGD Centre BlogsCCGD News
By Sharon Macharia and Maurice Goga

“Imagine going to sleep at night only to wake up to find out that you can no longer see anything,” remarked Evelyne Ogolla.

Evelyne Ogolla, a Regional Social Integration Officer at the Ministry of East African Community and Regional Development, has been visually impaired for the past six years. The firstborn in the family of four siblings says her condition started with severe migraines, persistent headaches, very high blood pressure, mild sinuses, pain in the eyes and blurry vision. She was forced to undergo magnetic renounce imaging (MRI) with no her condition.

The MRI revealed that she had excess spinal cord fluid that affected her optical nerves. The doctors then advised her to undergo a procedure called tapping which helps reduce the spinal cord fluid. This did not work so well, leading to a surgery called shunting, but her condition did not change in the end.

“October 27, 2015, was the darkest day of my life, both physically and emotionally, I woke up that morning and everything was dark,” she said.

The graduand of Development Studies from Accra University narrates that her life then took a turn around at this point and she has to adjust accordingly to adapt to her new normal. She decided to quit her job at that time because she could not perform her duties anymore and had to stay home for a year.

She went through a myriad of rejections and stigmatizations from friends and family which affected her psychologically. However, in 2017, she made a move that drastically changed her life as she decided to join the Kenya Society for the Blind.

“In 2017, I decided to join Kenya Society for the Blind where I learnt how to use the brail, the assistive technology and mobility such as the white cane and there is where I met people like me and in fact people who were even worse than me. My life just changed completely and joined the Persons with Disabilities club,” she said.

After applying for so many jobs in 2019, Evelyne managed to secure two internships with the State Department for Transport and Public Works and In September 2021, she beat all odds to secure a job as the Regional Social Integration Officer.

“You can imagine the post only wanted two people and I was among the two who successfully landed the job,” she said.

Adding that the government is really trying on the 5% allocation for Persons With Disabilities (PWDs) and it through that allocation she is able to work as an intern at the state Department of Transport and Public Works.

Despite securing the job at the Ministry, she faced the challenge of not having assistive devices to facilitate accessing and inputting official documents which totally incapacitated her. But through the help of the Collaborative Centre for Gender and Development (CCGD), the Regional Integration Officer was able to acquire the assistive devices which included a laptop fitted jaws- a screen reader office duties the Digital Accessible Player Information System (DAISY) a talking book for the visually impaired persons.

She says through her work at the ministry, she purposes to change the lives of young women to be economically empowered as she believes that women are the backbone of the society and nation at large.

She urged the government to continue including PWDs in everything that concerns the nation as they have in the recent past. However, she called on women who are visually impaired to stand and speak out and knock on doors in search of help.

“Do not give up, keep pushing because nothing comes on a silver platter and do not forget to get relevant skills and perfect them,’’ she reiterated

Accelerating women’s economic empowerment through childcare facility.

by with No Comment CCGD Centre BlogsCCGD News
By Maurice Goga

Women’s participation in economic development is impeded by their early childcare roles. However, child care facilities present an opportunity for redistribution of unpaid care work that is largely performed disproportionately by women. Generally, childcare provision in most urban informal settlements and rural settings are highly informal, little policy attention has been directed to unpaid care and domestic work and particularly childcare. Early childcare is an intense 24-hour activity that consumes the time of women thus reduces their mobility as well as time and freedom to engage in income generating and social activities.

Collaborative Centre for Gender and Development (CCGD) is partnering with the University of Nairobi WEE-Hub, Ministry of East Africa Community and Regional Development, Uthabiti Africa and East Africa Civil Society Organizations’ Forum to initiate a child care program along the border counties – Kwale, Busia and Kajiado counties.

The programs’ main objective is to; enable mothers/parents to access quality affordable childcare and free mothers to engage in income generation activities including trade, entrepreneurship and employment. The project is also intended to assist redistribute the burden of childcare from mostly mothers.

“Since its inception on 2nd August 2021, the Busia Childcare Centre has admitted a total 37 children; 20 boys and 17 girls,“ said Agneta Okumu, the Busia Childcare Administrator. “The youngest is three-months old and eldest is three years and seven months old, “she added.

The Centre has trained caregivers with capacity to handle children safely within the recommended COVID-19 guidelines and. they have been vaccinated against COVID-19.

Speaking during their engagement with CCGD, majority of women cross-border traders said that the creation of the facility is a relief to them and their businesses and that their profit margin has increased tremendously since the inception of the facility in August.

According to Veronica Makoha, a member of Busia Women Cross-Border Association, the creation of the facility has provided her with sufficient time for her business.

“For now, I have all the time, all my concentration and focus will be on my business,” said Veronica.

The facility also offers space where the young mothers whose education has been affected by the burden of early childcare responsibilities. The daughter of Almerida Ayoko is one of the beneficiaries of the facility.

Almerida says that the Centre has not only helped her but has also helped her daughter who was able to get back to school.

“This Centre has been of great relief to me, since bringing Mary here I am able to do my business without any hindrance, her mother too has also gone back to school to continue with her studies,” said Almerida.

She urges the young mothers in Busia County to seize the opportunity and bring their children to the facility so that they can get back to school.

 “I call upon the young mothers who have left their children with their parents at home to bring the children to Centre so that they can be relieved from the burden of childcare.”

Further, her business has grown since she has reduced spending while on the business as compared to when she used to carry her child to the business.

“Initially, I used to save Ksh. 300 per day in the merry go round (chama) but at moment am doing Ksh. 500 per day,” she said.

FADEp79VEAgZqlP

Establishment of a child care centre in Namanga border

by with No Comment CCGD News
By Maurice Goga

Namanga women cross -border traders have called upon the Collaborative Centre for Gender and Development (CCGD) and its partners to assist them establish a child care Centre so as to enable them to focus on their work better.

Speaking during consultative meeting with officials from CCGD, the women said they are eagerly waiting for the establishment the childcare Centre adding that the move will emancipate them from the intense child care work which bar them from actively engaging in their business.

Namanga Women Cross-Border Traders Association Chairperson, Alice Lemomo who engages in the Ushanga(beads) business noted that women cross-border traders have been facing various challenges since the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic owing to the measures the government has put in place to curb the spread of the pandemic. Further, Lemomo cited the burden of child care as another big challenge they are facing as women cross-border traders.

“Some of these women have young children and many of them cannot afford the services of house help hence they carry the children to their business. This in turn affect the business because they cannot actively attend to their business with children on their back,” she said.

Namanga women cross -border traders have called upon the Collaborative Centre for Gender and Development (CCGD) and its partners to assist them establish a child care Centre so as to enable them to focus on their work better.

Speaking during consultative meeting with offcials from CCGD, the women said they are eagerly waiting for the establishment the childcare Centre adding that the move will emancipate them from the intense child care work which bar them from actively engaging in their business.

Namanga Women Cross-Border Traders Association Chairperson, Alice Lemomo who engages in the Ushanga(beads) business noted that women cross-border traders have been facing various challenges since the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic owing to the measures the government has put in place to curb the spread of the pandemic. Further, Lemomo cited the burden of child care as another big challenge they are facing as women cross-border traders.

The chairperson welcomed the plan by CCGD and its partners to assist them establish a childcare Centre in Namanga border saying their children will find a place where they can grow physically, spiritually and socially.

“The opening of the child care centre will be of great importance not only to us but also to our businesses. As traders, we will have enough to time attended to our businesses resulting to increase in profit margins and general growth of our businesses,” she said.

She expressed her gratitude to CCGD for coming to the aid of women by easing the burden of childcare and thereby providing them an opportunity to actively engage in business.

“We want to thank CCGD for coming up with an initiative to establish a child care centre for Namanga women cross-border traders. Women are really struggling to run their business while at the same time take care of children. Some of them cannot afford services of a day care or house help while others have children with disabilities therefor the centre will bring a relief to us,” she reiterated.

The consultative forum was attended by 45 women traders from Namanga border in Kajiado County.

Child care remains a major burden to women and girls as society pin them with the responsibility of early childcare. Women continue to experience the burden of unpaid care work disproportionately due to insufficient national and county policies and program to address unpaid care work in general.

Rossee

Running business vs childcare duties

by with No Comment CCGD Centre BlogsCCGD News
By Maurice Goga

They say men cannot multi-task while women can attend to various activities at the same time but when it comes to running of a business and taking care of a child concurrently the saying is tested to the limit as each of the activities requires undivided attention.

Rose Nyakio a trader who sells shoes along Amboseli Road in Namanga border is one of the many women who are grappling with the burden of childcare while at the same time running their business. Her situation is exacerbated by the fact that her business is located along the road.

This Rose says her business is facing by numerous challenges one of them being the burden of childcare, adding that her son occasionally goes about roaming forcing her to leave the business and look for him while leaving behind customers who in many cases do not wait for to come back and attended to them. She goes on to say that some customers are often irritated when the son cries as a result they leave and sometimes she has to breast feed the son in public which she says doesn’t auger well with some customers especially the male ones.

During the interview, she called on Collaborative Centre for Gender and Devlopment (CCGD) to come to her aid and that of many women who shares a similar predicament. She adds that with the childcare facility in place, she will be able to have more time for the business and child care duties will no longer be a hindrance to her business.

CCGD aims to contribute to redistributing the burden of unpaid (child) care work borne by women cross border traders through its partnerships with Ministry of East African Community and Regional Development, University of Nairobi Women Economic Empowerment Hub (UON WEE-HUB), East Africa Civil Society Organization Forum and Uthabiti Africa.

CCGD NEWSLETTER Image

Declining civic space in East Africa.

by with No Comment CCGD Centre BlogsUncategorized
By Sharon Macharia

Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) in Kenya attended a high breed meeting organized by the East Africa Civil Society Organizations’ Forum (EACSOF) in partnership with Collaborative Centre for Gender and Development (CCGD), to address the declining civic space in the region. The meeting’s main objective was to discuss the Draft East African Legislative Assembly (EALA) CSO Bill that seeks to protect civic space in East African Community partner states. The meeting was attended by 67 members CSOs.

Speaking during the forum, David Sigano from East African Law Society noted that the bill has been facing numerous challenges with acceptance and passing as result of being a private member bill as compared to the executive bills. He urged the members to have an intensive public participation which will give the bill greater authority and bargaining power.

“If we can harmoniously speak with a single voice, then the chances for its success will increase and the bill will be forwarded to EALA for debate and passage,” he said.

Youth have a great role to play in preventing gender -based violence (GBV); by creating awareness through various innovative ways such as the use of social media, peer to peer engagement, edutainment, and artivism. Through these platforms, the youth can cultivate attitudes that do not condone any form of GBV in the society. CCGD is has brought on board 20 youth across four counties- Kwale, Kajiado, Busia, and Mandera.

The convener of CSRG, Suba Churchill, asserted that the bill would indeed be critical advocacy tool noting that Kenya civic space is considered the best in East and Central Africa because South Sudan and Burundi civic space is closed while Ethiopia, Somalia, Tanzania and Uganda civic space is repressed. He urged member states to borrow best practices from open states such as Canada, Uruguay, Germany, Sweden, Norway and the Czech Republic as this will better place the CSOs to compete with the best CSOs around the world.

The forum was attended by The International Centre for Not-for-Profit Law (ICNL), Civil Society Reference Group (CSRG), Independent Medical Legal Unit (IMLU), CUTS International, and Peace Initiative Miritini among other organizations.

Aldrin

The Youth Verbatim

by with No Comment CCGD Centre BlogsUncategorized
By Maurice Goga

Youth have a great role to play in preventing gender -based violence (GBV); by creating awareness through various innovative ways such as the use of social media, peer to peer engagement, edutainment, and artivism. Through these platforms, the youth can cultivate attitudes that do not condone any form of GBV in the society. CCGD has brought on board 20 youth across four counties Kwale, Kajiado, Busia, and Mandera to use their prowess in addressing GBV issues in their counties.

The youth verbatim is a segment that highlights the profiles of the GBV youth champions who are amplifying the voices of women and girls by addressing GBV issues within their respective communities.

For this issue, we had one-on-one discussion with Aldrin Timo, a male GBV Youth Champion from Busia County. Aldrin, the founder of Trail Foundation is a male champion who has made gender equality and women’s empowerment his cause and mission.

Briefly explain to us who is Aldrin Timo

My name is Aldrin Timo from Matayos in Busia County. I am the founder of Trail Foundation and also a GBV youth champion in Busia County]

Which organization do you represent or work for?

Currently, I am working at my foundation which is a youth led organization in Busia County. Our core mandate is to address the issue of single parenthood by directly engaging the a­ffected youth.

Why did you start the organization?

The reason why I started this organization was to come to the aid of teenage mothers, I wanted to give them a mileage and make understand that being a teenage mother is not a crime.

Apart from encouraging the young mothers that being a young mother is not crime, how else do you engage them?

As a group, we have ventured in agri-business where we have incorporated the teenage mothers in small-scale farming which entails growing vegetables and onions. Our main aim is to empower them to be independent. Further, we are also helping them in marketing of the farm proceeds by identifying markets where they can sell the products.

How did you end up becoming a GBV Youth Champion?

When talking about issues of GBV and leaving men/boys out of the conversation yet they perceived to be the perpetrators of GBV cases will help in reducing the cases. I became a GBV champion so that I can bring the men/ boy in the GBV conversation. I needed a platform where I can talk to the boys and enlighten the girls too.

How do you handle societal perceptions which depict GBV to be a women’s affair?

Indeed, many people view GBV campaign as women’s affair, what they don’t know is that both men and women can suffer from GBV.

Do you think men/boys experience GBV?

Yes, majority of men and boys are being sodomized others are being buttered by their spouse but suffer in silence because they have not embraced the art of speaking up. As a fellow man, I usually encourage them to come out and share their experiences.

As you have said that men/ boys don’t have the courage of speaking up, what strategy are you using to make them open up?

I just bond with them, yes speak their language, in turn they see me as one of them thus the trust is built. I can say majority of them have been opening up.

Menstrual Hygiene is one of the topics men/boys’ fears talking about, how do you deal with the issue?

It is true that men/boys fear talking about menstrual hygiene. Personally, I have been with knowledge on menstrual hygiene, right now I am able to attend public forums and demonstrate how sanitary towels are used. As a result, many boys have benefited from such demonstration and are now talking about menstrual hygiene openly.

Are there challenges you face as GBV Youth Champion?

At first it was not easy to stand up and openly speak about GBV issues also age was a challenge on its own. I was viewed as young boy hence delivering the message to the people was not easy. Thanks to CCGD for coming to the rescue through various capacity building and trainings I overcame the challenges

GPL Blog

by CCGD Centre BlogsCCGD News

Gender-Responsive Budgeting in times of Covid-19: Kenya and the UK

Masheti Masinjila, Executive Director, Collaborative Centre for Gender and Development (Kenya)
Ebyan Abdirahman, Early Career Network Coordinator, Women’s Budget Group (UK)

This blog is written as part of joint work between the Collaborative Centre for Gender and Development (Kenya) and the Women’s Budget Group (UK). It falls under the WBG’s Global Partnerships and Learning programme, in which WBG collaborates with civil society organisations around the world to support them in engaging effectively in dialogue with their governments to develop policies and allocate resources in ways that improve the lives of women, with an emphasis on the most marginalised women. WBG is pleased to be working with the Collaborative Centre for Gender and Development (CCGD) as it works to reinvigorate the Kenya Gender Budgeting Network (KGBN).

The effects of Covid-19 on inequalities continue to unfold in 2021 across the world. The pandemic has exposed the inadequacy of many of our social, political and economic systems, with measures set out by governments to curb the level of damage exacerbating existing inequalities in many cases. Research conducted by UNDP and UN Women shows that many governments’ budget measures in response to Covid-19 are lacking a gender perspective, often failing to address the issues of women’s economic insecurity and unpaid care.

Gender-responsive budgeting and why it’s important

Gender-Responsive Budgeting (GRB) focuses on integrating a gender perspective in government planning and budgeting.  It assesses the impacts policies have on inequalities between women and men, and is used in order to promote policies that will lead to greater equality. GRB is not a specific budget for women, but instead is used to advocate for a better distribution of existing funds that services both men and women equally. It is a process of assessing and changing budgetary processes and policies to meet the needs of all.

Budgets are a comprehensive reflection of a government’s social and economic priorities. Engaging with the budget is a crucial step in eliminating gender inequality because the process helps to reveal the extent to which budgets are reducing, worsening or perpetuating inequalities between men and women.

GRB is an ongoing process that has the potential to positively impact all our lives and offers a pathway towards transforming social norms and addressing inequalities through more equitable distribution of resources.

Gender-responsive budgeting in the UK and Kenya

Local or national governments in a range of countries have already adopted gender-responsive budgeting practices. For example, since 2009, Austria has had a constitutional requirement for gender budgeting for all levels of government. This requires each chapter within the Annual Budget Statement to have outcome objectives, with at least one objective directly addressing gender equality.

In the UK, there are laws requiring equalities impact analysis of economic policies in Scotland, Wales and England, and public authorities in Northern Ireland are required to have due regard to the need to promote equality of opportunity across a range of groups. However, this analysis is often not conducted adequately, if at all, and policies are frequently not changed to mitigate adverse impacts. For example, the UK government did not change its austerity policy in the period 2010–19 despite evidence of its disproportionately negative impact on women and on Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic women in particular. Faced with this lack of gendered analysis from public authorities, civil society organisations such as the Women’s Budget Group have taken the lead in conducting analysis, while lobbying the government and advocating for policy change.

In Kenya, civil society advocacy on gender-responsive budgeting started in the 1990s, led by the Collaborative Centre for Gender and Development (CCGD) and supported by donors. CCGD targeted the budgeting office at the Ministry of Finance for capacity building on GRB and pushed to hold the government to account for its obligations around gender equality. Through these efforts, the Kenya Gender Budget Network (KGBN) was established, bringing together government policy makers, donors and CSOs to coordinate analysis of the national budget and development of budget tools.

To date, there has been no significant change in the budget-making process in Kenya.  The major focus has been on research, advocacy and skilling in GRB. What we have primarily seen has been specific but limited budgetary measures that largely involve exclusive allocation of resources towards financing particular needs, such as menstrual products.  Allocations to special funds as part of the affirmative measures to reduce inequality by making provisions to social safety nets for marginalised groups such as women and people with disabilities are also pronounced in development plans/policy and budgets particularly since promulgation of the 2010 constitution.

Significant barriers to effective GRB in Kenya include a lack of technical capacity to carry out GRB in the Budget Office and key ministries, and inadequate gender-disaggregated data to support the budget process. The political will to adopt GRB and coordination mechanisms among key players and sectors in the budget process have also been lacking.

COVID-19 and post-pandemic recovery

Over the course of the Covid-19 pandemic in the UK, Women were called upon to increase their unpaid work caring for others, as schools shut down, and risk of infections led to reluctance to send small children to nurseries and frail elderly relatives to care homes.  In the UK, the number of unpaid carers has skyrocketed from 4.5 million to 13.6 million.

Women have reported higher levels of psychological distress than men over the pandemic, with working class women being the group hardest hit. Women were twice as likely to be ‘key workers’ than men, with Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic and migrant women overrepresented. Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic women are also overrepresented in both health and social care, with one in five NHS workers being from a BAME group.

At home, many women across the UK saw a rise in unpaid work as schools and nurseries closed. Lack of available support has meant an increased amount of unpaid work and multitasking duties, severely impacting women’s time for paid work. Consequently, 46% of mothers being made redundant said that lack of childcare was a factor in their selection for redundancy.

The UK Women’s Budget Group is calling for a care-led recovery from the pandemic, as part of a broader paradigm shift to create a caring economy. A caring economy is one which prioritises care of one another and the environment in which we live, so that both humans beings and our shared planet can thrive.

In Kenya, Covid-19 has disproportionately affected women and girls directly and indirectly due to socio-gender roles and existing gender power relations in decision-making. Being the primary caregivers at home and accounting for 75% of the health sector workforce, both everyday care plus Covid-19 related care responsibilities have fallen on women and girls.

Increased unpaid care responsibilities have reduced women’s participation in paid work activities and with it their income and exposure to greater economic vulnerability.  Women’s labour force participation in Kenya is mostly in the informal sector, which has been adversely affected by lockdown measures, and a lack of social protection for workers in this sector have pushed many low-income women to the limits. Worse still, the already high prevalence of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) has increased significantly with the stress in households during restrictions and economic hardships.

Immediate measures must be put in place by the Kenyan government to help alleviate the worst impacts. This includes: ensuring the response addresses women’s and girls’ caregiving burdens and heightened SGBV risks, expanding social protection policies and programs for those who have lost jobs to include undocumented women in the informal Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector, ensuring the delivery of quality sexual and reproductive health information and services to all, adopting a zero-tolerance policy on SGBV and mobilising maximum resources and measures to prevent and respond to it.

Integrating GRB into the Covid-19 economic recovery packages can help identify and mitigate the gendered impact of the impact with targeting policies and budgets.

Next steps for WBG & CCGD

WBG and CCGD will continue to work together to support awareness, advocacy and action on gender-responsive budgeting, particularly within a post-Covid context. WBG and CCGD will work together to strengthen CCGD’s research capacity and, under the coordination of KGBN, advocacy through multisector committees/working groups in key government sectors. Increasing the institutional capacity of KGBN is key to consolidate and share experiences and good practice in GRB regionally and globally.

There is also potential to strengthen joint North-South advocacy platforms targeting donor and government policies and practices that affect GRB. Budget constraints as a result of conditions imposed as conditions for bilateral as well as funding from multilateral bodies such as the World Bank and IMF, must be monitored, including their impacts on the objectives of GRB. CCGD and other actors in Kenya will continue to hold dialogues with stakeholders with similar interests in the Africa region and beyond through KGBN.

Masheti Masinjila
Ebyan Abdirahman